First Aid & CPR

He Collapsed at 11:47 AM. Nobody in the 60-Person Office Knew What to Do.

8 min read
He Collapsed at 11:47 AM. Nobody in the 60-Person Office Knew What to Do.
📖 Real Story

January 9, 2026

Quick answer

Section 45 of the Factories Act, 1948 required at least one first-aid box per 150 workers, each in the charge of a person holding a recognised first-aid certificate. Under section 24 of the OSH Code, 2020, in force since 21 November 2025, employers in establishments with ten or more workers, offices included, must provide adequate first-aid boxes.

Key takeaways

  • In a cardiac arrest, the minutes before the ambulance arrives decide the outcome.
  • Calling 108 is necessary but not enough: someone on the floor has to start CPR.
  • A first-aid policy without trained people and in-date kits is not compliance.
  • The OSH Code, 2020 brings first-aid facilities to any establishment with ten or more workers, including offices.

Rajesh was 38. He worked as a senior developer at a mid-size IT firm in Pune. He had no medical history. He went to the gym three times a week. On January 7th, a silent blockage in one of his arteries decided that morning was the moment.

The office was mid-meeting. Rajesh was presenting the Q1 roadmap to his team of 12 developers and three managers. Sixty people worked on the floor. None of them knew CPR.

"His head tilted. His body went limp. He fell backward, and his chair rolled. Everyone froze."

Why do the first minutes after a collapse matter most?

In cardiac emergencies, every second between collapse and treatment is a second where oxygen stops reaching the brain. After three minutes without CPR, brain damage can begin. After five, it becomes irreversible. The ambulance in Pune takes eight to twelve minutes to arrive from most locations.

At 11:47 AM, Rajesh collapsed.

The office manager called 108. "How long will the ambulance take?" she asked. "Approximately ten minutes, ma'am." The team gathered around him, uncertain. Someone checked his pulse; they didn't know what they were feeling for. Someone said they'd read that CPR might break ribs. Someone else said not to move him. One developer, paralyzed by liability fears, left the room.

Rajesh lay on the floor, receiving the one thing that cannot save a stopped heart: attention.

At 11:52 AM, a visitor in the office, a nurse visiting for compliance training, saw the crowd. She asked what happened. When she understood, she dropped to her knees and began CPR. For five minutes, she compressed Rajesh's chest while the office staff watched.

The ambulance arrived at 11:58 AM. The nurses took over. Rajesh's heart had stopped for eleven minutes. The doctors later told his family that the five minutes of CPR the nurse provided were the difference between a funeral and a rehabilitation ward.

This Wasn't Supposed to Be a Miracle

Rajesh regained consciousness three days later. The neurologist confirmed no permanent brain damage. The cardiologist cleared him for office work after eight weeks. He came back to his desk in March.

His team threw him a welcome-back lunch.

But here's the question the office manager has been asking herself since January: What if the nurse hadn't been there? What if she'd been five minutes late? What if she, like every other person on that floor, had believed the myths about CPR, that it would break his ribs, that it might hurt him more, that calling the ambulance was enough?

Rajesh's office had 60 people. None of them were trained in first aid. The building had a policy about it but no actual training program. The first aid kit, last checked in 2023, had expired bandages.

"The difference between life and disability wasn't a $50,000 medical intervention. It was five minutes of basic, learnable action from an ordinary person."

Is workplace first aid a legal requirement in India?

Yes. The Factories Act required certified first-aiders in factories, and the OSH Code, 2020 now requires first-aid facilities in every establishment it covers. And emergencies like Rajesh's are not rare.

In winter, cardiac emergencies spike in Indian workplaces. The data from hospitals across Bangalore, Mumbai, and Pune shows a 35 to 40% increase in stress-induced cardiac events from December through February. Most happen in office settings. Most happen to people who seem fine the day before.

Section 45 of the Factories Act 1948 required each factory first-aid box to be in the charge of a person with a recognised first-aid certificate. The Building and Other Construction Workers Act requires it. BOCW rules, ISO 45001 audits, they all mandate that workplaces have trained responders. Since 21 November 2025, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 has consolidated these laws and requires first-aid facilities in offices with ten or more workers too. Most Indian offices do not comply.

First-aid provisions in Indian law
ProvisionWhat it requires
Factories Act, 1948, s.45(1)First-aid boxes or cupboards with prescribed contents, readily accessible during all working hours; at least one for every 150 workers employed at any one time.
Factories Act, 1948, s.45(3)Each box in the charge of a separate responsible person who holds a first-aid certificate recognised by the State Government and is always available during working hours.
Factories Act, 1948, s.45(4)An ambulance room with prescribed medical and nursing staff in factories with more than 500 workers.
OSH Code, 2020, s.24(1)(vii)Adequate first-aid boxes or cupboards, with contents readily accessible during all working hours, as prescribed.
OSH Code, 2020, s.24(2)(i)The Central Government may prescribe an ambulance room in every factory, mine or construction site with more than 500 workers.

And people die because of it. Not because medical care doesn't exist. Because the gap between collapse and medical care is measured in minutes, and those minutes are where ordinary training makes the difference between recovery and irreversible harm.

What Rajesh's Office Learned

By January 15th, Rajesh's company had enrolled 40 of their 60 staff in a certified First Aid and CPR course. They installed an AED on each floor, not because it was an emergency, but because it was suddenly obvious that emergencies happen.

The office manager told me: "We were always going to do training sometime. It's on the compliance calendar. But we thought of it like a checkbox, something to complete and forget. We didn't think it would matter. Then it did. And it was terrifying to realize we'd come that close to someone dying because we hadn't acted on something we already knew we should do."

Winter is still coming. The next cold wave will arrive in a few weeks. And in offices across India, people will have silent blockages and electrical misfires and strokes. Some of them will be in buildings where the team knows how to respond. Some of them won't be.

The difference between those two groups isn't luck. It's training that was available but wasn't yet begun. If your team has not started, our workplace safety training hub and the workplace safety and security course are a place to begin.

Frequently asked questions

Does an office need first-aid facilities under Indian law?

Yes, if it has ten or more workers. The OSH Code, 2020 covers any place where a trade, business or occupation is carried on with ten or more workers, and section 24 requires adequate first-aid boxes readily accessible during all working hours.

How many first-aid boxes do we need?

The Factories Act set a minimum of one box for every 150 workers employed at any one time. Under the OSH Code the detail is left to the rules, and the old rules continue during the transition.

Does the person in charge of the first-aid box need a certificate?

Under section 45(3) of the Factories Act, yes: each box must be in the charge of a person holding a first-aid certificate recognised by the State Government, available throughout working hours.

Is CPR training specifically required by law?

Neither the Factories Act nor the OSH Code names CPR. But a trained first-aider who can start CPR is what fills the minutes before an ambulance arrives.

How many of our staff should we train?

The law sets a minimum, not a target. In this story the company enrolled 40 of its 60 staff, so that someone trained is always on the floor.

Sources

  1. The Factories Act, 1948, section 45 (Ministry of Labour and Employment)
  2. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (Ministry of Labour and Employment)
  3. Government makes the four Labour Codes effective from 21 November 2025 (PIB, Ministry of Labour and Employment)
  4. Compliance Handbook for Employers under the Four Labour Codes (Ministry of Labour and Employment)

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